Method of stabilizing soil



6- 9 4 EXAMiN ER Patented Dec. 13, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEMETHOD OF STABILIZING SOIL August Holmes, Cranford, N. J., assignor toStandard Oil Development Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.Application December 29, 1945, Serial No. 638,438

3 Claims. (Cl. 106-94) This invention relates to the stabilization ofsoil for road building or other structural purposes and moreparticularly to the stabilization of soil by mixing therewith a resinand other ingredients.

The composition of qflsused in the road buildvolved in their formationand deposition by which the percentage of clay, silt and sand variesextensively. Various methods have en proposed to stabilize soils, 1. e.to render them more or less immune to the effects of changes of moistureconditions to which they may be subjected. One method is to blend s oilsgf various particle sizes and physico-chemical properties to produce astable grading of the soil particles. For example, a soil which is hardand resistive to abrasive and impact action of traflic may provide forinterlocking of the soil grains. The stability of the hard Cine dependsupon the geological processes insoil mixture is increased by theincorporation oi mop'riateamounts of finer material such asfl and aquantity of clay to bind the soil mass together and thereby produce asoil mixture having high shear resistance. The preparation of suchstabilized blended soil requires close control in the grading'andblending.

Another method of stabilizing the soil has been (A) Soil-water-Portlandcement-resin mixes.- After determining the water exudation value of thesoil, soil-water mixes were prepared to contain total moistureequivalent to 0 (air dry), 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 percent of the waterexudation value. For each moisture percentage, Portland cement-resin mixwas added in amount equal to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 percent ofthe oven dry soil. Soil-water-Portland cementresin mixtures wereprepared in two diiferent ways:

(a) The required amount of water was added to the soil soil-watermixture allowed to stand 16-24 hours in a closed container and then thedesired amount of Portland cement-resin mix thoroughly admixed;

(b) The Portland cement-resin mix was added to the air-dry soil, thenrequired amount of water mixed in and the total mixture allowed to standover night.

Two inch diameter x one inch high briquettes were molded from thesoil-water-Portland cement-resin mixes under 10,000 pounds Hubbard-Field compaction, the briquettes weighed and measured for wet and drysoil densities and the Hubbard-Field strengths obtained before andflfigq ll v the EL mixture EE -22 after the water immersion test of 7days at H" 2 1 322 and P resin Prepared from Pine immersion, and thewater absorption and swell W d, pr f y fr Sfump P The calculated on thespecimens after water absorpresinous material is extracted with acoal-tar hydrocarbon, such as benzol or toluol. and the ex- According tt invention, t was found t I ract reed of V0 a lle cons ituen s obta e"th 11 t ili d by t use of th p tl d resin. The proportions of Portlandcement and t-re ifinfixfuie method, though stable is to resin used areabout 3 to 1. 'EoEtfiFc'fdid not pass a high Hubbard-Field The soilswhich are to be stabilized are tested strength test, and it has beenfound that, if the according to the Hubbard-Field strength tests 11 isfirst treated with lime, greater strength carried out as follows: 40afte we 35 r 3 wards disintegration by water were obtained asillustrated by the following tables:

4 2. Process as defined by claim 1 wherein the Portland cement-resinmixture in soil stabilization Eflect of various amounts of water addedto mix Hubbard-Field test procedure [Order or adding ingredients: Airdry soil, water, Portland cement, resin mixture] Portland Cement-ResinMixture Added, Wt. Per cent.. 0. 6 1. 2. 0 4. 0 8. 0 12. 0

SILTY CLAY SOIL A. Preparation of Mix:

Water Added, Per Cent Exudetion Value 100 100 100 100 100 100 WaterAdded, Wt. Per Cent 18 l8 18 18 18 18 Hubbard-Field Strength, lbs:

Beione 7 days Water Absorp.... e00 876 1, 125 1, 650 2, 300 2, 875 Alter7 days Water Absorp 60 175 250 975 1, 6(1) 2, 675 B. Preparation 0! Mix:

Water Added, Per Cent Exndation Value 50 50 50 60 60 60 Water Added, Wt.Per Cent 9 9 9 9 9 9 Hubbard-Field Strength, lbs:

Beiore 7 days Water Absorp... 7, 125 After 7 days Water AbsorpDisintegrate in 10 mins Dgsinltregrate Diasinhtegrate in SIL'IY CLAYSOIL-+10% LIME [Order of adding ingredients: Air dry soil, lime,Portland cement, resin mixture, water.]

A. Preparation of Mix:

Water Added, Per Cent Exudation Value Water Added, Wt. Per Cent LimeAdded, Wt. Per Cent Hubbard-Field Strength-lbs;

Before 7 days Water Absorp... Aiter 7 days Water Absorp.

B. Preparation of Mix:

Water Added, Per Cent Exudation Value" Water Added, Per Cent Wt LimeAdded, Wt. Per Cent Bubbard-Fieid Strength-lbs;

Before 7 days Water Absorp After 7 days Water Absorp ass as 20 Z) I) 0010 10 10 10 2, l00 2, 300 2, 475 2, 725 3, 5 1,850 1,825 2,550 3,0003,338

9 9 9 9 50 i0 .10 10 10 18 10,!Xl0 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 10. 0

I Strengths not taken because of rapid disintegration of specimens.

The percentages of i e used may vary from 1-15% and that of he ortlandcement-resin mixture from 0.2 to 20%."The 'fortlarid'cemefit 40 resinmixture contains up to 30% of resin, preterably pine w oo d r e s i n s.

What is claimed is: 1. An improved method of stabilizing soil containingclay which comprises admixing with a 453 amount of lime admixed withsaid soil containing clay is about 10%.

3. Process as defined by claim 2 wherein said coal tar hydrocarbonsolvent is selected from the class consisting of benzol and toluol.

AUGUST HOLMES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 303,213 Cooke Aug. 5, 18842,370,983 Miller Mar. 6, 1945

